Argu 136. The author suggests that to promote the schools apparently, we should replace the principals of the worst ten by the best ten. Using the past condition to confer the present status, the argument suffers several flaws in the reasoning process. To begin with the threshold problem, the argument fails to convince that there is an inextracable relation between the princinpal quality and the school’s quality. The princinpal is only the man to make the final decision which do not involves the quality of the school. How well a school is appears as if their teacher are of high standards in education or if the resource of education is sufficient. The princinpal may exert influence on it, but limitedly. Even assuming that a good princinpal is the decisive componont to building a high quality school, the author’s example of the survey which precided 2 years ago is  unwarranted. Firstly, the survey provider lacks of reliability, because they might likely to exaggrate the disadvane of the princinpal to highlight the effciency of the consultants. Secondly, the survey had been taken for 2 years, that is to say, the real circumstance might not like it any longer. The un-experienced princinpal would […]

136″The absence of choice is a circumstance that is very, very rare.” The speaker claims that the situation without alternative is almost nonexistent. However, it depends on how the ‘absence of choice’ defined. Considering the absence as lacking of choice, we have to admit that it is truely scarce that a circumstance have no choice. In fact, it is impossible for the ’empty’ is also a kind of answer or choice. Facing the situation that we are the men who are playing chess, and we have no idea what to do with the play next. It seems that we do have no choice to go on. Nonetheless, such ‘no choice’ is another choice. That is to say, the condition that we can not decide the next step is also a kind of possiblities to the end of play. Thus, we never short of choice. On the other hand, defining the absense as hard to make decision, the assertion will be open to cast doubt on. Seldom can a person had ever meet the situation parodoxically. Eventually we are facing it everyday. The paradox might be the struggling in the bed: to get up or not to get up, that is […]